This is the call I get most often, and it is the one where families have the least time and the worst information.

Your father went in after a fall. He is stable. And now a case manager is telling you that he cannot go home, that you need to pick a rehab facility, and that they need an answer today — here is a list, these three have beds.

You have more rights than anyone has told you about, and you are probably about to make a six-figure decision in an afternoon. Here is what to do.

First: slow the clock down

Discharge pressure is real but it is rarely as absolute as it is presented. Two things are worth knowing immediately.

You received a notice called the Important Message from Medicare. Every Medicare inpatient gets one — Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage alike. It is a plain-language notice explaining your right to appeal a discharge you believe is too soon. It is easy to miss in the folder of paperwork handed over at admission.

If you appeal, a Quality Improvement Organization reviews it — an independent body, not the hospital. Review is fast: the QIO’s initial decision typically comes within 24 to 72 hours. If you request an appeal, the hospital must give you a Detailed Notice of Discharge setting out the specific reasons for the discharge decision.

The deadline for requesting review is tight — often the day of discharge. The notice itself has the deadline and the phone number printed on it. Find the paper, call the number on it. Do not rely on a number from a website, including this one; QIO assignments change and the notice is always current.

Appealing is free, and it is not an act of war. Case managers deal with appeals routinely.

Important: an appeal is for when you believe the discharge is medically premature. It is not a tool for buying time to go shopping for an assisted living community. Used for the wrong reason, it wastes the one or two days you actually have.

Second: know that the list is not the only option

This is the part almost nobody is told.

Under CMS discharge planning rules, a hospital must give you a list of Medicare-participating home health agencies, skilled nursing facilities, inpatient rehab facilities and long-term care hospitals that serve your area — or the area you ask about. It must tell you that you are free to choose among Medicare providers. It may not limit you to its own preferred network. It must disclose any facility in which it holds a 5% or greater ownership interest. And it must help you use quality data to compare.

So when you are handed three names and told these are the ones with beds, the correct response is: thank you — may I have the full list, and the quality data, and please note the facility we choose.

If your parent is in a Medicare Advantage plan, add one question: which of these are in network? That answer changes the economics completely.

Third: understand what you are actually choosing

Families routinely conflate two very different things in this moment.

Short-term rehab in a skilled nursing facility is medical care after a hospital stay. Medicare may cover it — but only after a qualifying inpatient stay, and only while skilled care is needed and progress is being made. It is temporary.

Assisted living is a permanent housing decision, paid privately. Medicare does not cover it. We laid that out in full in what Medicare will and won’t pay for in senior living.

The trap is that rehab ends. Three or four weeks later, the progress plateaus, coverage stops, and the family is making the permanent decision anyway — except now in a second rush, from a facility, with everyone exhausted.

Ask on day one: if he does not get back to independent, where does he go? Asking it early turns a second crisis into a plan.

The observation-status question

Ask, in writing, whether your parent is admitted as an inpatient or under observation. Observation is outpatient status, and it may not count toward the qualifying inpatient stay Medicare requires before it will cover skilled nursing. Families have discovered this after the fact and been billed for the whole stay. Ask on day one, and ask again if the stay lengthens.

What to do today — in order

1. Find the Important Message from Medicare. Read it. Note the deadline and number.
2. Ask for the full provider list, not the short one, plus the quality data.
3. Ask about network status if there is a Medicare Advantage plan.
4. Ask the inpatient-or-observation question and get the answer in writing.
5. Ask the case manager directly: what does he need that he can’t get at home? Sometimes the honest answer is “someone there at night,” which opens options nobody mentioned — home care, a short respite stay, a move to assisted living rather than a nursing facility.
6. Ask what happens if rehab doesn’t restore independence. Get that conversation started now.
7. Call someone who knows the buildings. Thirty minutes on the phone can tell you which of those names is genuinely good and which has a bed for a reason.

What I do in these situations

I get these calls at 4pm on a Friday more often than any other kind. What I can do quickly:

• Tell you honestly which facilities on that list I would and would not use, from having been inside them
• Find out who actually has availability right now, including places not on the hospital’s list
• Join the call with the case manager
• Get ahead of the “what happens when rehab ends” question so there is no second crisis

There is no cost to families for this. Immediate placement is a large part of my practice, and advocacy continues after the move.

If you are in a hospital corridor right now reading this on your phone, call me. That is exactly what I am here for.

Bruce Rosenblatt is the owner of Senior Housing Solutions and has advised Southwest Florida families since 2008. This article is general information, not medical, legal or insurance advice. For plan-specific questions contact Medicare at 1-800-MEDICARE or the number printed on your notice.